2022年1月浙江卷
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分35分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
For nearly a decade now, Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist. Her pet transport job was born of the financial crisis(危机) in the late 2000s. The downturn hit the real estate(房地产)firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job. One day, while driving near her home, she saw a dog wandering on the road, clearly lost. She took it home, and her sister in Denver agreed to take it. This was a loving home for sure, but 1,600 miles away. It didn't take long for Merebeth to decide to drive the dog there herself. It was her first road trip to her new job. Merebeth's pet delivery service also satisfies her wanderlust. It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana, Washington and Oregon, she says proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs there. She travels in all weathers. She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming, heavy flooding and storms in Alabama and total whiteout conditions in Kansas.
This wanderlust is inherited from her father, she says. He moved their family from Canada to California when she was one year old, because he wanted them to explore a new place together. As soon as she graduated from high school she left home to live on Catalina island off the Californian coast, away from her parents, where she enjoyed a life of sailing and off-road biking.
It turns out that pet transporting pays quite well at about $30,000 per year before tax. She doesn't work in summer, as it would be unpleasantly hot for the animals in the car, even with air conditioning. As autumn comes, she gets restless--the same old wanderlust returning. It's a call she must heed alone, though. Merebeth says, "When I am on the road, I'm just in my own world. I've always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I mush help animals."
21.Why did Merebeth changed her job?
A.She wanted to work near her home.
B. She was tired of working in the office.
C. Her sister asked her to move to Denver.
D.Her former employer was out of business.
22.The word “wanderlust” in paragraph 2 means a desire to?
A. make money.
B. try various jobs.
C. be close to nature.
D.travel to different places.
23. What can we learn about Merebeth in her new job?
A. She has chances to see rare animals.
B.She works hard throughout the year.
C. She relies on herself the whole time.
D. She earns a basic and tax-free salary.
答案解析：
21. D根据第一段中的"The downturn hit the real estate firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job."可知，Merebeth之前工作的房地产公司破产了，她因此失去了工作，所以需要找新工作，故选D。
22. D根据第二段中的"It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana, Washington and Oregon, she says proudly."和"If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs there."可知，Merebeth喜欢去不同的地方，所以"wanderlust"在这里意味着想要去不同地方旅行的愿望，故选D。
23. C根据最后一段中的"I'm just in my own world. I've always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I must help animals."可知，Merebeth在新工作中一直依靠自己，她一直有独立的精神，故选C。
2022年1月浙江卷
B
The United States rose to global power on the strength of its technology, and the lifeblood that technology has long been electricity. By providing long-distance communication and energy, electricity created the modern world. Yet properly understood, the age of electricity is merely the second stage in the age of steam, which began a century earlier.
“It is curious that on one has put together a history of both the steam and electric revolutions." writes Maury Klein in his book The Power Makers, Steam, Electricity, and the Men invented Modern America. Klein, a noted historian of technology, spins a narrative so lively that at times it reads like a novel.
The story begins in the last years of the 18th century in Scotland, where Watt perfected "the machine that changed the world”. Klein writes, “America did not invent the steam engine, but once they grasped its passwords they put it to more uses than anyone else.”
Meanwhile, over the course of 19th century, electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic necessity. Morse invented a code for sending messages over an electromagnetic circuit. Bell then gave the telegraph a voice. Edison perfected an incandescent bulls that brought electric light into the American home.
Most importantly, Edison realized that success depended on mass electrification, which he showed in New York City. With help from Tesla, Westinghouse's firm developed a system using alternating current, which soon became the major forms of power delivery.
To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the steams and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime. It's a technique that helps turn a long narrative into an interesting one.
24. What is Klein's understanding of the age if electricity?
A. It is closely linked to the steam age.
B. It began earlier than proper thought.
C. It is a little-studied period of history.
D. It will come to an end sooner or later.
25.What can be inferred about Ned?
A. He was born in New York City.
B. He wrote many increasing stories,
C. He created an electricity company.
D. He lived mainly in the 19th century.
26.What is the text?
A. A biography. B. A book review. C. A short story. D. A science report.
答案解析：
24. A根据文章第二段中的"Yet properly understood, the age of electricity is merely the second stage in the age of steam, which began a century earlier."可知，Klein认为电力时代仅仅是蒸汽时代的第二阶段，这两个时代是紧密相连的，故选A。
25. D根据文章最后一段中的"To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the steam and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime."可知，Ned是一个虚构的角色，他见证了蒸汽和电力革命在一个人的生命周期内给美国带来的进步。由于蒸汽革命开始于18世纪末，电力革命主要发生在19世纪，可以推断Ned主要生活在19世纪，故选D。
26. B整篇文章讲述了Klein的书《The Power Makers, Steam, Electricity, and the Men Who Invented Modern America》的内容，包括对蒸汽和电力革命的历史叙述，以及对Klein写作技巧的评价。因此，这篇文章是一篇书评，故选B。
C
The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there's a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list.New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia(失智症)in later life, and is they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women.
Lead researcher Dr. Helena Horder, of the university of Gothenburg in Sweden, said: "These findings are exciting because it's possible that improving people's cardiovascular(心血管的)fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia.” For the study, 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted to measure their peak(最大值的)cardiovascular capacity. The average peak workload
was measured at 103 watts.
A total of 40 women met the criteria for a high fitness level, or 120 watts or higher. A total of 92
women were in the medium fitness category; and 59 women were in the low fitness category, defined
as a peak workload of 80 watts or less, or having their exercise tests stopped because of high blood
pressure, chest pain or other cardiovascular problems.
These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades. During that time,44 of the women developed dementia. Five percent of the highly fit women developed dementia, compared to 25 percent of the women with medium fitness and 32 percent of the women with low fitness.
“However, this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia, it only shows an association. More research is needed to see if improved fitness could have a positive effect on the risk of dementia and also to look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most important.” She also admitted that a relatively small number of women were studied, all of whom were form Sweden, so the results might not be applicable to other groups.
27. What is on the ever-growing list mentioned in the first paragraph?
A. Positive effects of doing exercises.
B. Exercises suitable for the middle-aged.
C. Experimental studies on diseases.
D. Advantages of sporty woman over man
28. Why did the researchers ask the woman to do bicycle exercise?
A. To predict their maximum heart rate.
B. To assess their cardiovascular capacity
C. To change their habits of working out
D. To detect their potential health problems
29. What do we know about Dr.Horder's study?
A. It aimed to find a cure for dementia.
B. Data collection was a lengthy process.
C. Some participants withdrew from it.
D. The results were far from satisfactory.
30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. More Women Are Exercising to Prevent Dementia
B. Middle-Aged Women Need to Do More Exercise
C. Fit Women Are Less Likely to Develop Dementia
D. Biking Improves Women's Cardiovascular Fitness
答案解析：
27. A根据第一段中的"The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there's a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list."可知，这里提到的不断增长的列表是指定期锻炼的好处，而新研究发现的中年女性身体健壮可以降低失智症风险是添加到这个列表上的新好处，故选A。
28. B根据第二段中的"For the study, 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted to measure their peak cardiovascular capacity."可知，研究人员让女性进行自行车运动测试是为了测量她们的最大心血管能力，故选B。
29. B根据第四段中的"These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades."可知，这项研究的数据收集过程持续了四十年，对女性进行了六次失智症测试，说明数据收集是一个漫长的过程，故选B。
30. C整篇文章讨论的是一项研究，该研究发现身体健壮的中年女性在晚年患失智症的可能性要低得多，如果她们确实患上了失智症，也比不太爱运动的女性的发病时间晚十年。因此，文章的最佳标题应该是"C. Fit Women Are Less Likely to Develop Dementia"，因为它概括了文章的主要内容，故选C。
