2023年新高考全国II卷 D
As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding(编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of "We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while" was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.”
Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
"We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it," said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.
32. What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text?
A. Pocket parks are now popular. B. Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
C. Many cities are overpopulated. D. People enjoy living close to nature.
33. Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories?
A. To compare different types of park-goers. B. To explain why the park attracts tourists.
C. To analyze the main features of the park. D. To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.
34. What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5?
A. Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B. Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C. The same nature experience takes different forms.
D. The nature language enhances work performance.
35. What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn?
A. Language study. B. Environmental conservation.
C. Public education. D. Intercultural communication.
答案及解析：
32. 答案是 B. Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
文章开头提到，随着城市的扩张，居住在城市地区的人们越来越难接触到自然。虽然可能会有口袋公园，但在城市中找到相对原始的地方是不常见的。这表明作者在开头描述的现象是城市中难以找到野生的自然。
33. D. To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.
文章第三段提到研究人员请公园游客提交他们与公园中的自然有意义的互动的书面总结，并在第四段中提到研究人员对这些提交的内容进行编码，分入不同的类别。这样做是为了在游客的总结中找到模式，即“自然语言”。
34. C. The same nature experience takes different forms.
第五段中给出的例子是，一个人在公园里沿着水边走可能是一种令人满足的经历，而在工作日的午餐休息时间，他们可以通过沿着喷泉走的方式来享受这种互动的更家庭化的形式。这表明相同的自然体验可以有不同的形式。
35. B. Environmental conservation.
最后一段中，Peter Kahn提到，为了使人类与自然的互动回归到我们的日常生活中，我们需要保护自然，以便我们能够与之互动。这表明在进行自然互动之前，我们需要进行环境保护。
