翻译题目：
孔子(Confucius)是我国古代著名的思想家、教育家，儒家学派(Confucian School)的创始人。相传孔子有弟子三千，贤弟子72人，孔子曾带领部分弟子周游列国14年。在中国五千年的历史上，对华夏民族的性格、气质 (temperament)产生影响的人就算是孔子了。他正直、乐观向上、积极进取。他一生都在追求真、善、美，一生都在追求理想的社会。他品格中的优点，几千年来影响着中国人，特别是影响着中国的知识分子。
参考译文：
Confucius was a famous thinker and educator in ancient China and the founder of the Confucian School. according to legend, Confucius had 3,000 disciples and 72 virtuous disciples. Confucius led some of his disciples to travel around the country for 14 years. In the 5,000-year history of China, Confucius had an influence on the character and temperament of the Chinese nation. He was upright, optimistic, and proactive. He pursued truth, goodness, and beauty throughout his life and pursued an ideal society. The merits of his character have influenced Chinese people for thousands of years, especially Chinese intellectuals.
翻译解析：
1、专有名词翻译：
“孔子”被翻译为“Confucius”，这是国际上广泛接受的音译，能够准确指代这位历史人物。
“儒家学派”被翻译为“Confucian School”，这里的“School”表示学派或学说，强调了儒家作为一种学术和思想体系的属性。
2、文化背景转换：
“华夏民族”是中文特有的文化概念，这里可以翻译为“Chinese nation”或“Chinese people”，以符合目标语言的文化习惯。
“气质”翻译为“temperament”，这个词在英语中能够较好地对应中文中的“气质”概念，指的是人的性格特点和情绪状态。
3、历史事件表述：
“相传孔子有弟子三千，贤弟子72人”这句话在翻译时保留了原文的表述方式，翻译为“It is said that Confucius had three thousand disciples, and 72 of them were virtuous.” 这里的“It is said that”用来表示传说或传闻，符合原文的语境。
“孔子曾带领部分弟子周游列国14年”翻译为“Confucius led some of his disciples to travel around the states for 14 years”，这里的“states”指的是古代中国的各个诸侯国，保留了原文的历史背景。
4、性格与追求的翻译：
“他正直、乐观向上、积极进取”翻译为“He was upright, optimistic, and enterprising”，这些形容词准确地传达了孔子的性格特点和人生态度。
“他一生都在追求真、善、美，一生都在追求理想的社会”翻译为“He spent his life pursuing truth, goodness, and beauty, and striving for an ideal society”，这里的“pursuing”和“striving for”表达了孔子持续不断的追求和努力。
5、影响的表述：
“在中国五千年的历史上，对华夏民族的性格、气质产生影响的人就算是孔子了”翻译为“In the 5,000-year history of China, Confucius is considered the person who had the greatest influence on the character and temperament of the Chinese nation”，这里的“greatest influence”强调了孔子在中国历史上的重要地位。
“他品格中的优点，几千年来影响着中国人，特别是影响着中国的知识分子”翻译为“The virtues in his character have influenced the Chinese people, especially the intellectual class, for thousands of years”，这里的“virtues”指的是孔子品格中的优秀品质，“intellectual class”则指的是知识分子阶层。
