翻译题目：
四合院(the quadrangle )是中国的一种传统合院式住宅。一个标准的四合院通常由一个庭院及其四周独立的房屋构成。不同方位的房屋有着不同的名称。坐北对着庭院入口处的称为正房(main house)，东西两边的称为厢房(side house)，坐南朝北的称为倒座房(reversely-set house)。长辈或一家之主住正房，晚辈住厢房。倒座房可以用作厨房、储物间、客厅或书房。四合院如今已经成为观光景点，并为世界各地的游客所熟知。
参考译文：
The quadrangle is a traditional courtyard-style residence in China. A standard quadrangle usually consists of a courtyard and its surrounding independent houses. Houses in different directions have different names. The one facing the entrance of the courtyard in the north is called the main house, the ones on the east and west sides are called the side houses, and the one facing the north in the south is called the reversely-set house. The elders or the head of the family live in the main house, and the younger generations live in the side houses. The reversely-set house can be used as a kitchen, storage room, living room, or study room. The quadrangle has now become a tourist attraction and is well known to tourists around the world.
翻译解析：
首先，原文“四合院(the quadrangle )是中国的一种传统合院式住宅。”翻译为“The quadrangle is a traditional courtyard-style residence in China.”，这里将“四合院”翻译为“quadrangle”，同时补充了“courtyard-style residence”来描述其合院式住宅的特点。
接下来，原文“一个标准的四合院通常由一个庭院及其四周独立的房屋构成。”翻译为“A standard quadrangle usually consists of a courtyard and its surrounding independent houses.”。这里直接将原文的“庭院”翻译为“courtyard”，并补充了“independent houses”来描述四周独立的房屋。
再然后，原文描述了四合院中不同方位房屋的不同名称，如“坐北对着庭院入口处的称为正房(main house)，东西两边的称为厢房(side house)，坐南朝北的称为倒座房(reversely-set house)。”翻译为“The one facing the entrance of the courtyard in the north is called the main house, the ones on the east and west sides are called the side houses, and the one facing the north in the south is called the reversely-set house.”。这里按照方位的描述顺序，将正房、厢房、倒座房分别翻译为“main house”、“side houses”、“reversely-set house”，并补充了方位词来描述房屋的位置。
最后，原文描述了四合院中房屋的不同功能，如“长辈或一家之主住正房，晚辈住厢房。倒座房可以用作厨房、储物间、客厅或书房。”翻译为“The elders or the head of the family live in the main house, and the younger generations live in the side houses. The reversely-set house can be used as a kitchen, storage room, living room, or study room.”。这里将正房、厢房、倒座房的不同功能进行了详细描述，补充了“kitchen”、“storage room”、“living room”、“study room”等词来描述不同房间的用途。
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