1、儒家思想Confucianism
Chinese culture is deeply influenced by Confucianism, which emphasizes the importance of morality and social order.
儒家思想强调道德和社会秩序的重要性，对中国文化产生了深远的影响。
2、儒家文化 Confucian culture
Confucian culture values harmony, respect for elders, and the importance of education.
儒家文化重视和谐、尊老以及教育的重要性。
3、道教 Taoism
Taoism focuses on the union of humanity with nature and the pursuit of inner peace.
道教注重人与自然界的和谐统一，以及追求内心的平静。
4、墨家 Mohism
Mohism advocated universal love and non-violence, contrasting with Confucianism's emphasis on social hierarchy.
墨家提倡博爱和非暴力，与儒家思想强调的社会等级制度形成对比。
5、法家 Legalism
Legalism emphasizes strict laws and regulations to maintain social order and stability.
法家强调严格的法律和法规来维持社会秩序和稳定。
6、佛教 Buddhism
Buddhism teaches the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path to achieve enlightenment.
佛教教导四圣谛和八正道，以达到觉悟的境界。
7、孔子 Confucius
Confucius is revered as the founder of Confucianism and his teachings have shaped Chinese culture for thousands of years.
孔子被尊为儒家思想的创始人，其教义数千年来一直塑造着中国文化。
8、孟子 Mencius
Mencius expanded upon Confucius's teachings, emphasizing the importance of a ruler's moral character.
孟子在孔子的教义基础上进行了扩展，强调了统治者道德品格的重要性。
9、老子 Lao Tzu
Lao Tzu is credited with writing the Tao Te Ching, a classic text of Taoism that emphasizes the natural flow of life.
老子被认为是《道德经》的作者，这部道教经典强调生命的自然流转。
10、庄子 Chuang Tzu
Chuang Tzu's philosophy emphasizes spontaneous living and the rejection of societal norms.
庄子的哲学强调自在的生活和对社会规范的拒斥。
11、墨子 Mo Tzu
Mo Tzu advocated universal love and non-violent resistance to war, proposing a return to a simpler way of life.
墨子提倡博爱和非暴力反战，提倡回归简朴的生活方式。
12、孙子 Sun Tzu
Sun Tzu's The Art of War is a经典军事 treatise that provides strategic advice for warfare.
孙子的《孙子兵法》是一部经典军事著作，为战争提供了战略指导。
13、象形文字 pictographic characters
Pictographic characters are the earliest form of writing in Chinese history, representing objects or ideas through pictures.
象形文字是中国历史上最早的书写形式，通过图画来表示物体或概念。
14、文房四宝(笔墨纸观)the Four Treasures of the study (brush, ink stick, paper, and ink stone)
The Four Treasures of the Study are essential tools for Chinese calligraphy, including the writing brush, ink stick, paper, and ink stone.
文房四宝是中国书法的必备工具，包括毛笔、墨条、纸张和砚台。
15、《大学》The Great Learning
The Great Learning is a Confucian classic that discusses the process of personal and moral cultivation.
《大学》是一部儒家经典，讨论了个人道德修养的过程。
16、《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean
The Doctrine of the Mean emphasizes the importance of balance and harmony in one's life and with others.
《中庸》强调生活中与他人之间的平衡与和谐的重要性。
17、《论语》The Analects of Confucius
The Analects of Confucius is a collection of sayings and teachings by Confucius, his disciples, and later followers.
《论语》是孔子及其弟子和后来追随者的言论和教诲的汇编。
18、《孟子》The Mencius
The Mencius contains the teachings and sayings of Mencius, further developing Confucian thought.
《孟子》包含孟子的教义和言论，进一步发展了儒家思想。
19、《孙子兵法》The Art of War
The Art of War is a military strategy book written by Sun Tzu that provides insights into warfare and strategic
planning.
- 《孙子兵法》是孙武所著的一本军事战略书籍，为战争和战略规划提供了深刻的见解。
20、《三国演义》Three Kingdoms
Three Kingdoms is a historical novel that tells the story of the division and reunification of China during the Three Kingdoms period.
《三国演义》是一部历史小说，讲述了中国三国时期分裂与统一的故事。
21、《西游记》Journey to the West
Journey to the West tells the story of the Buddhist monk Xuanzang's journey to the West to obtain Buddhist scriptures.
《西游记》讲述了唐代高僧玄奘西行取经的故事。
22、《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Mansions
Dream of the Red Mansions is a classic Chinese novel that explores the themes of love, fate, and social decay.
《红楼梦》是一部中国古典小说，探讨了爱情、命运和社会衰败等主题。
23、《水浒传》Heroes of the Marshes
Heroes of the Marshes tells the story of 108 outlaws who band together in resistance to corruption and tyranny.
《水浒传》讲述了108位好汉集结起来反抗腐败和暴政的故事。
24、《山海经》The Classic of Mountains and Rivers
The Classic of Mountains and Rivers is an ancient Chinese geographical and mythical encyclopedia.
《山海经》是中国古代的一部地理和神话百科全书。
25、《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror
History as a Mirror is a comprehensive history of China, covering events from ancient times to the Song dynasty.
《资治通鉴》是一部中国通史，涵盖了从古代到宋代的历史事件。
26、《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals
The Spring and Autumn Annals is a chronological record of political events in ancient China, particularly during the Zhou dynasty.
《春秋》是中国古代政治事件的编年史记录，特别是周朝时期。
17、《史记》Historical Records
Historical Records is an extensive historical work by the Han dynasty scholar Sima Qian, covering various aspects of Chinese history.
《史记》是汉代学者司马迁所著的一部广泛的历史著作，涵盖了中国历史的各个方面。
28、《诗经》The Book of Songs
The Book of Songs is the oldest existing collection of poems in Chinese literature, containing works from the Zhou dynasty.
《诗经》是中国文学中最古老的诗歌集，包含了周朝时期的作品。
29、《易经》The I Ching; The Book of Changes
The I Ching, also known as The Book of Changes, is an ancient Chinese divination text and philosophical work.
《易经》，又称《变易之书》，是中国古代的一本占卜和哲学著作。
30、《礼记》The Book of Rites
The Book of Rites is a collection of rituals, ceremonies, and social customs in ancient Chinese society.
《礼记》是中国古代社会礼仪、典礼和社会习俗的汇编。
31、《三字经》Three-character Scriptures
Three-character Scriptures is a traditional Chinese primer used for teaching children basic moral values and knowledge.
《三字经》是中国传统的启蒙教材，用于教授儿童基本的道德观念和知识。
32、八股文 eight-part essay
The eight-part essay is a specific form of writing in traditional Chinese literature, typically used for civil service exams.
八股文是中国传统文学中的一种特定写作形式，通常用于科举考试。
33、五言绝句 five-character quatrain
A five-character quatrain is a type of Chinese poem consisting of four lines, each with five characters.
五言绝句是一种由四行组成，每行五个字的中国古典诗歌形式。
34、七言律诗 seven-character octave
A seven-character octave is a type of Chinese poem with eight lines, each containing seven characters, following a strict rhyme scheme.
七言律诗是一种由八行组成，每行七个字，并遵循严格押韵规则的中国古典诗歌形式。
